The speed on expressways and main roads is high, large and small vehicles are mixed, and the traffic flow is complex. The lighting must provide drivers with sufficient field of view and good visual guidance to respond to changes in road conditions and detect obstacles in a timely manner.

Low-quality or traditional lamps experience severe light decay, with brightness dropping significantly after a period of use. Color temperature drift leads to inconsistent light colors along the road, impacting visual comfort and safety. Irrational light distribution angles also result in poor road uniformity.

Due to the long length of the line and its uninterrupted operation all year round, the total energy consumption is huge.

Incompatibilities between equipment and protocols across different brands and generations make retrofitting existing streetlights difficult. Furthermore, intelligent lighting is expensive, with high initial investment costs. Furthermore, there's the challenge of interoperability between lighting systems and other systems, such as transportation and security.

Secondary roads and branch roads are the "capillaries" of the urban road network, connecting main roads with residential areas, commercial districts and other terminal areas. Their lighting characteristics and requirements focus more on balance, comfort and economy.

Secondary trunk roads and branch roads must take into account the lighting for motor vehicles, pedestrians and non-motor vehicles, and also consider the impact of roadside parking on road lighting.

Compared with main roads, the lighting maintenance priority of secondary roads and branch roads is often lower, and some lamps are aged and not repaired for a long time.

There are a large number of lamps on secondary roads and branch roads, and the level of intelligent management is low, resulting in high total energy consumption.

Most of the existing secondary road and branch road lamp poles do not meet the conditions for intelligent transformation in terms of load-bearing, power supply, communication interface, etc., and the cost of upgrading is very high.

This area includes the athlete area, referee area, operations area, and VIP and guest areas. Lighting should primarily meet functional requirements. The media area should be bright, the locker rooms should be softly lit, and the VIP area should create a comfortable and elegant environment.

Local finances are limited, and construction funds are scarce. Furthermore, rural and suburban roads lack unified planning, resulting in disjointed lighting and many dark areas.

There is a lack of technical guidance in the use of road lamps in rural or suburban areas. The quality of purchased products is uneven, the product performance and lifespan are poor, and there is no maintenance management. If the lamps break down, no one will repair them.

These include large intersections, overpasses, pedestrian crossings, pedestrian bridges, underground passages, bridges, and various highway tunnels. Here, we will only discuss large intersections and overpasses.

Multi-directional traffic, complex lane lines, and numerous traffic signs can easily cause visual confusion and information overload for drivers. Lighting needs to clearly illuminate the entire area without causing glare.

Light from lamps in all directions can easily interfere with each other, causing severe disabling glare and discomfort glare, which affects the driver's judgment of traffic signals.

Large shadow areas are easily formed under the piers and ramps of overpasses, becoming lighting blind spots and safety hazards. It is very difficult to ensure highly uniform lighting over such a large area.